WATER AND IRRIGATION SYSTEM


Crops are of vast importance in human beings life, without which human beings can not exist. Growing crops is not an easy task; it requires a lot of hard work and technique. The most important factor that controls the growth of the crop is water. Without it crop cannot grow even an inch. So for growing crops one has to adopt an effective irrigation system. There are various types of irrigation system that are commonly practiced and they are given below.

1. Surface irrigation
In surface irrigation water moves freely over the land by gravity flow and thus irrigates the whole land. Surface irrigation can be divided into basin irrigation, furrow irrigation etc.

2. Localized irrigation
In localized irrigation water is distributed over a certain area through a piped network. Localized irrigation can be performed in various ways like drip irrigation, pivot irrigation, lateral move irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and many more.

Drip Irrigation
In this type of irrigation water is delivered near the root drop by drop. This is the most effective type of irrigation as it minimizes the rate of evaporation and also the overflow of water. This type of irrigation is much easier and cost effective.


Centre Pivot Irrigation
In this type of irrigation various steel pipes are joined together and are mounted on towers. The sprinkles are arranged in perfect position so that they distribute water efficiently to each and every part of the field.

Sprinkler Irrigation
In sprinkler irrigation various pipes are arranged all over the field. Water moves through all these pipes and then at one or two locations it is sprinkled high overhead with the help of pressure sprinklers.

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